Both carry a dull, but nevertheless fruitful friendship with each other. They had previously attempted this, but John was apparently too strong-willed. John remembers all the maltreatment he suffered, and remembers every suffering and guilt he had for the past years. John constantine has to use sarah lance to cast this spell. John eventually made his permanent home in London in 1969, rooming with Francis "Chas" Chandler, a young man who has since gone on to become John's closest and longest-surviving friend. [38] Later, in the 1960s, a teenaged John ran away from home, but not before a botched curse caused his father to become withered and frail. By killing the "proper" Constantine, he earns the wrath and hatred of the Earth-2 family. While John is "doing magick", Marid and his djinns arrive and kill off the gang, and John and Chas manage to escape. Having lived a good and adventurous life, John happily accepts his fate rather than trying to fight it like he always does. [13][14] In 2011, Peter Milligan added him to the inaugural key roster of The New 52 series Justice League Dark. To get his memories back, he had to spend a day in her service, in which she had him father three demonic children, who went on to massacre anyone who knew Constantine, from friends to enemies to people who had only briefly met him. He goes to India and fights a ghost of a British soldier of the Sepoy rebellion,[44] fights a Babylonian shape shifter named Julian, gets his thumb cut off to contact Shade: The Changing Man, marrying a young girl named Epiphany Greaves, who was also the daughter of an infamous gangster,[45] looking for his lost trench coat that his niece sold, finding his sister's long-lost son named Finn, and finally getting his sister's soul from Hell. , , . The First of the Fallen was the first of God's creations to rebel and be banished to Hell. Instead, the creature tells three conflicting stories: one featuring John's mother dead in childbirth, leaving him to his abusive father; another having John Constantine being born in a loving family with proud and doting parents; and last one with John born in an unremarkable family, but with a mad older sister who is (probably) possessed by a dark force. He whispers: "I'll tell you the ultimate secret of magic. John enlists Mercury's help, who is eager to help the Swamp Thing despite disliking John. Constantine's skill at unarmed combat varies depending on the writer. Nick states "We were all in love, and you two shut me out! Despite succeeding in countering the assault, John loses his "mother" Mary-Anne, who is dragged back by Fate's chain. With this Godly Shekhinah, the power of Solomon urges you: Listen, impure entity, and reveal your name. [95], Writers who had their run on the Hellblazer series have also claimed to have met the character in real life. While in Hell, John and Nergal met Demon Constantine, who tried to kill the original one. He managed to free Astra and every other child in Hell, but at the cost of the First returning to power; also, as part of the scheme, John's worst attributes were given separate existence as "Demon Constantine", which meant he himself could not go to Hell. Ley lines. Finally, Sheut is the shadow an imprint of the person in both the physical world and Duat. It seems that the Seals also increase the chances of a successful Exorcism. Jenna Coleman later portrayed a female version of the character (and her ancestor) in the television series The Sandman, adapting both Constantines' roles from the comic series. Later, John and his entourage are attacked by Doctor Fate, who managed to detect Constantine's whereabout. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. In his earliest Swamp Thing appearances, the character is drawn with a marked resemblance to Sting, and in Swamp Thing #51, Constantine appears on a boat with the name The Honourable Gordon Sumner on the bow. [15], In Constantine's early appearances in Swamp Thing, his past was a mystery; his life as a child and young adult was not developed until Jamie Delano's Hellblazer stories. John, being tired of all this, contacted God. John tells Gemma to make her own decision, and she reluctantly points the revolver at him. Coming out of hiatus a bit to share these two screen captures from Legends of Tomorrow 314, leading up to Constantines next appearance in 315. The Elemental Magic is a conjunct of several magics that involves the control of the elements of nature. In the process, he was rendered an amnesiac, leaving him vulnerable to the schemes of the demon Rosacarnis. Among them was his sister Cheryl; one of his sons had exploited her husband's religious fanaticism to make him see his wife as a witch and thus a person to be killed. Screen captures from the most recent Justice League Dark animation trailer. He warns God that if his soul is ever sent to Hell, he would easily take over, and do nasty things such as unleashing the demons and locking away Hell so that the damned cannot enter and have no resting place. Bshkhina elohit zoh = In this god request = .). Credit to @thehallofjudgment for the original translation: The incantation you have (the Astral Travel one) is purely phonetic, how the words should be pronounced. They are not at all functional on the street. Shma nah, yeshut tmea, gal nah et shimkha. Finally, he chooses to save his own skin: as he is kissing the other John, he holds his hand and drives the knife into his heart, ultimately killing the "other John". One of the most fulfilling relationships she's had to date is with that reprobate sorceror [sic] John Constantine, who is the very definition of a "love 'em and leave 'em" kind of dude. Elohim habor vehayotser poked alekha!, By God. As the menacing hand of the Apokolips God is reaching out for him, Constantine enacts his "last trick": by sacrificing some souls of his entourage, John manages to get enough power to cast the "Ring of Dolus" spell, which uses every happy memory, every pleasant thought, every piece of hope in John Constantine to swirl a magical "web" made of lies. John Constantine was born in Liverpool, Lancashire (now Merseyside), on May 10, 1953. John Constantine made his official debut in "Swamp Thing" #37 in June of 1985, after artists Steve Bissette and John Totleben, both fans of the Police, told writer Alan Moore they wanted to. The Forever Evil: Blight storyline would establish that the three characters were all involved in a magical pact and a love triangle, which fell apart due to Zatanna ending her relationship with Nick to pursue John. [15][16] Milligan began writing Justice League Dark while also writing the Vertigo's Hellblazer series, being a writer of both series at the same time. I sat there and thought, should I go around that corner and see if he is really there, or should I just eat my sandwich and leave? He resolves to dispel the curse, set on him by a demon called "Laughing Boy", whom he once crossed in the past, by using a ritual that deflects the curse from him to 8 million souls in London. Long before the infamous incident at Northcastle - which has haunted John Constantine ever since - Hellblazer: Rise and Fall #1 reveals that wasn't the famous magician and occultist's first failure. [35] It also acted as a defence mechanism when attacked by the King of the Vampires,[93] as it is highly corrosive and poisonous. John Constantine (b. Can be considered an alternative Exorcism, the Spirit Expulsion is the act of expulsion from a place where a Spirit hasn't possessed anyone yet. John first met Swamp Thing in 1985 after being interested in the creature. For this, the First promised to make John suffer unprecedented torment in Hell when he dies. The New 52 Constantine series ends at issue #23 and was relaunched as Constantine: The Hellblazer written by Ming Doyle and James Tynion IV in June 2015. Dark magic. As soon as John reached the destination, he is shocked to find his "parents" (actually the Earth-2 John's parents), his friends Gary Lester, Chas Chandler and his former love interest Maureen still alive. John is tracked down by two djinn but manages to escape to the London Underground. The Old One's tail stabbed upward, catching the Slayer, Buffy . All of a sudden, up the stairs came John Constantine. Read reviews and buy Trends International DC Comics - John Constantine - Spell Premium Framed Wall Poster Prints White Hanger Bundle 22.375" x 34" at Target. John then tells him his reason for contacting Him. [16] His history is slightly altered, such as meeting Zatanna in New York instead of San Francisco, and the origins of how he got his trademark trenchcoat. [48], In another universe first seen in Books of Magic,[49] Constantine is caught in the middle of a magical war that will destroy the universe at the hands of Timothy Hunter. Originally a supporting character who played a pivotal role in the "American Gothic" Swamp Thing storyline, Constantine received his own comic in 1988. Constantine uses magic to trick a cashier in a clothes store and gets himself a new suit. I have to say, though, that that didn't change what I said, which I still stand by. They seem a mix of the Elder/Younger Futhark and something else, but Im not sure if the rest are made up or from some other sources. [32] During the first year of his solo series, Constantine celebrated his 35th birthday. And yet Constantine goes on, a supernatural warrior willing to pay almost any price to keep the darkest evil at bay. 10 in Wizard Magazine's Top 200 Comic Book Characters of All Time, he is also listed in IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes as No. John Constantine build 5e. Original Hellblazer writer Jamie Delano also claims to have encountered Constantine, during his run on the character, outside the British Museum. Meanwhile, in Paris, Marid resurfaces and attacks his brother. SPOILERS FOR HELLBLAZER: RISE AND FALL #1!. When used, creates a black smoke which envelops the target and steals the soul, leaving behind only the body without the soul, inside a permanent state of sleep. When all of those elements are put together, we may conclude that this spell is a prayer to Akem the Ferryman, to guide the person (all five parts of them) through Duat safely (with Maat), (If anyone happens to have a transcription of the entire command/spell used, please let me know. 4. [53] Unknown to them, these events were caused by the alternate old John, who managed to attack and crucify the young Willowtree. The Sandman (Morpheus) is a really interesting character and is not like other DC characters to fight with punches and beams and explosions, like even in the battle with Lucifer they stood face to face and modified the reality, i m curious does he have a fight skill or he just uses his powerful sand. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Simon Bisley does an incredible job of visually contrasting the pretty young version of Constantine with the imposing man he has become. God the Creator commands you!, Derech Elohim used at the start of the spell. His calm, deeply poetic response to nature approximated in painting the insights of William Wordsworth in poetry.. John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, on June 11, 1776, the son of a well-to-do mill owner. Together, the reluctant Constantine and Willowtree managed to solve a minor problem by one of Constantine's former associate turned enemy, and stopped the ravens of the Tower of London from attacking foreign visitors. After tricking the Lords of Hell into curing his lung cancer, he was perpetually in good health and physicality. The character made its live-action debut in the film Constantine (2005), played by Keanu Reeves. [36] While in the womb, John strangled his twin brother with his own umbilical cord; in a parallel universe, the twin survives to become the well-loved and well-adjusted magician who John never was.[37]. The soul of Constantine's brother tells John that he was not to be born and that it should have been he who had been born, instead, as he is the Laughing Magician; he requests that John and he merge their souls so they become one and can fix the world. NSFW-Naughty MetaHumans-v01bb-scene 02--04-Battle. After a few flashbacks and meeting with an old acquaintance named Georgie, John begins to unravel the true identity of the ghost-hunting entity, as his (and Georgie's) old time lover, Veronica. Constantine is also referred to as "The Constant One"[19] because of his whole family tree being somewhat connected to the occult. The Demon Seals are marks used to trap Demons inside of them and subdue them to the will of the Seal maker. Once in this new universe, John discovered that Chas is dying of lung cancer and is plagued by various demons and spirits, caused by spending so much time around John. Constantine first appeared in Swamp Thing #37 (June 1985), and was created by Alan Moore, Steve Bissette, and John Totleben . All Rights to DC & WARNER BROS.I DO NOT OWN ANYTHINGAll audio/visual content that was used in the creation of this video are the sole property of their respe. This Spell is the Saint Graal of the black magic. These people, and others who have died due to John's carelessness, have continued to appear to him as silent, reproachful ghosts. He somehow obtains the ultimate occult artifact, the Helmet of Fate, and manages to trick and kill the ancient magician Nabu with the help of an old ifrit. (Tabaat Shlomo = The Ring of Solomon = . John Constantine doesn't know what hit him in the new issue of Hellblazer, the venerable DC Comics/Vertigo series. As John starts to lose consciousness, he realizes that he is not ready to die yet and agrees to the deal. The relaunch Constantine the Hellblazer #1 (2015) reaffirmed Constantine's bisexuality through his interactions with male and female characters in the issue. 28 Apr 2023 19:19:56 I opted for the latter; I thought it was the safest. Constantine is an action-adventure video game developed by Bits Studios for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows based on the DC Comics character John Constantine.. Curse of the Banshee. After killing the creature, Constantine is now free, and becomes even a bit more cocky and picks back up his earlier style from the beginning of his book and his appearances from Swamp Thing: a double-breasted blue suit underneath his trench coat, and slicked-back, gelled hair. The holder of Solomons Ring, the spirit of Solomon commands you! Abigail Arcane, the Avatar of the Rot and the Swamp Thing's lover, is missing. The titular Hellblazer,[2][3] Constantine is a working-class warlock, occult detective, and con man from Liverpool who is stationed in London. It has also acted as a defense mechanism when attacked by the King of the Vampires. John tells Chas which horse to bet on and makes the cabbie drive him to the Tate Club. Mallus Aken Maat., [Adapted from NBC Constantine 111: A Whole World Out There]. there is a traduction in the spanish dub of the series (latino dub): no habr ningn dao hacia a mi, lo que me envies regresara a ti, There will be no harm to me, what you send me will come back to you. The other main demonic foe of John Constatine is the First of the Fallen. [84] He can use magic to reflect damages done to him onto his enemies. : John Constantine Meets His Creator", "John Constantine - #29 Top Comic Book Heroes", "ComicsAlliance Presents The 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics", "The Dirtiest Comic Book Sex Scenes: Zatanna and Constantine", "The Top Ten John Constantine: Hellblazer Stories", "Ultimate 20 Comic Book Film Adaptations - Fandomania", "Top 10 Comic Book Anti-Heroes (Marvel & DC) - Toptenz.net", "JUSTICE LEAGUE ACTION Is a DC Explosion for Younger Viewers - Nerdist", "Jenna Coleman Says Neil Gaiman Is "Really Behind" Johanna Constantine, "Adaptation Of DC Comics' Constantine From Daniel Cerone & David Goyer Lands At NBC", "Adaptations Of Spanish Drama 'Mysteries Of Laura', DC Comic 'Constantine' Get NBC Pilot Orders", "Legends of Tomorrow: Matt Ryan's Constantine to Visit in Season 3", "Legends of Tomorrow Ups Matt Ryan to Series Regular for (Potential) Season 4", "Update: Francis Lawrence Would Do Constantine 2", "Keanu Reeves, Djimon Hounsou and Director Francis Lawrence on "Constantine", "Keanu Reeves, Djimon Hounsou and Director Francis Lawrence on "Constantine" Page 2", "Warner Bros Sets 'Constantine' Sequel; Keanu Reeves & Francis Lawrence To Reunite, Akiva Goldsman Scripting & Producing With Bad Robot's JJ Abrams & Hannah Minghella", "SDCC: "JUSTICE LEAGUE DARK" ANIMATED FILM CONFIRMED; "TEEN TITANS" & MORE ANNOUNCED", "Justice League Dark Featurette Reveals Matt Ryan Returns as Constantine! Ba is personality, what makes the person unique. [4][7][8], John Constantine first appeared in 1985 as a recurring character in Swamp Thing, in which he acted as a "supernatural advisor" to the main character.[9]. In the meanwhile, Gemma, hearing about her uncle's return from the Fates, tries to kill herself with a poisonous revolver, but Constantine sneaks the last remaining dart from his niece. Here is every display of powers, skills, weapons from John Constantine. Ill get to updating it. Transformation Spell. [24] Later issues of Constantine the Hellblazer depicted John falling in love with a male bartender named Oliver, whom he dated. Who knows nuns, politicians, and bikers, and who is never at a loss for what to do. The DCU Constantine has to be the guy we know and love, with his same failingsotherwise what's the point of using him? Lemire said he considers Justice League Dark his dream gig at DC Comics because Constantine is one of his all-time favourite characters not just in comics, but in all fiction. Gemma closes her eyes before muttering, "Damn you, John Constantine" and pulls the trigger, but when she opens her eyes again, Constantine has vanished. The series restores many of the traditional aspects of the original Hellblazer run while still remaining firmly in the larger DC Universe, restoring his original backstory and featuring old allies such as Chas, Mercury and the Swamp Thing. In recent times Constantine has got rid of the guilt and self-loathing plaguing him by magically giving it the physical form of a baby and throwing it off a cliff. [19] This ancestry later drives John Constantine to partake in his lineage and practice magic. John later revisits Ravenscar Asylum, the place where he was thrown after being framed for Astra's murder. John Constantine's mother died giving birth to him, leading his father to give him the nickname "Killer". Suddenly, John sees his entire ghost entourage, and Gary Lester's ghost - who has tried to warn him since the beginning - tells him that Frank North's spirit has vanished completely, and something has been after John's ghosts. In the 2010s, John entangles himself in further adventures. John Christopher Constantine (born May 10, 1982), aka El Diablo among the mobsters of Mexico City, is an exorcist, demonologist and warlock, calling himself "master of the dark arts." Raised by an abusive father who blamed him for the death of his mother in childbirth, John grew very cynical and cunning, and developed an interest in the dark arts. [34] In Hellblazer, it was mentioned multiple times[35] that the aging process of Constantine himself might be different due to the demon blood that he obtained from Nergal. Later, his daughter,Liv, used the same abilities to create a supernatural map of the United States. In 1991 while in his late 30s, John contracted terminal lung cancer. He pickpockets a passenger, uses the money to buy a meal in a small restaurant and gets acquainted with its owner Oliver, a single father of two daughters. This powerful spell helps John project an illusion of an already dead universe to fool Darkseid, while John manages to bring himself, the family and the Earth-2 civilians to safety, and even pickpockets some survivors back from Darkseid's clutch. In #69, when the King of Vampires killed the man sleeping beside him and casually asked if he had been a friend, John replied, "Must be. John Constantine is an enigmatic and irreverent con-man turned-reluctant supernatural detective, who is thrust into the role of defending ordinary people against dark forces from beyond. [17], Beginning in Justice League Dark #9, Jeff Lemire assumed writing duties on the series, replacing Milligan, who had remained on the Vertigo title. Follow a list of the magics in all the series episodes: This Spell allows a magical pact between two people. His blood has been shown to have healing properties. He also seems to be something of a "Weirdness Magnet" (a term also used to describe Brian Azzarello once saw him in a Chicago bar but avoided him, saying that "the thing about John is, the last thing you'd want to be is his friend. Other potential cool scenes include stuff like John using an aging spell on Ame only to realise it didn't work because of her nature as a time-traveller, Constantine actually killing the original Ame only for another one to come out in a sort of Fake-Out scenario, John travelling to the House Of Mystery trying to get a bit of a break only for . Legends of Tomorrow: Necromancing the Stone, Mallus Aken, Ka, Ren, Ba, Ib, Sheut. I suppose there is a similarity with Baron Winters in that he is another manipulative character who has a bunch of agents working with him.[11]. He can even use magic to block off omnipresence, seen where he once used sigils to hide himself from the First of the Fallen. John tried to track down his old version's signal, which led him to a fishing town. Constantine decides he should keep a low profile, because he does not want to hurt the people around him again. Albeit the cost of Oliver's soul, which Blythe had claimed by previously blackmailing him and John with the souls of his daughters. [7][96] Peter Milligan saw Constantine at a party around 2009 and rushed after him, only to find he'd disappeared. John Constantine is executing his own mission . However, prior to the planned battle, Constantine is thrown into the battlefield in Dar es Salaam in World War I because of a ritual going wrong, making his plan ultimately fail. Although good for hiding, it's is easily dispelled by a Revelation Spell. Ka, Ren, Ba, Ib, and Sheut five parts of a human soul, according to the Ancient Egyptians. Duat a metaphysical Spirit World, where everything connnected to Egyptian magic and afterlife seems to occur. Constantine). He is shown to be someone with a wide and international circle of contacts and allies, and is adept at making friends. After Tim leaves, Constantine meet an alternate, older version of himself who offers to save him for a price, which is that John has to be the best version of himself. Some portray him as a poor physical fighter, others as a capable hand-to-hand combatant. Occult detective John Constantine is one of DC 's most cunning antiheroes. WARNING! He looked exactly like John Constantine. His blood has been shown to have healing properties, and is noted to have an age-managing effect. Jasper Winters had a map of Atlanta, and he employed his abilities in the map to detect supernatural activities through the city. There exists several of them, some who had personal design within, like the one that John used to trap and defeat Furcifer. It is a movie tie-in license of the Warner Bros. film Constantine, in turn based on DC Comics comic book series, Hellblazer from The Vertigo issues for John Constantine.. Tilda Swinton, Gavin Rossdale and Max Baker reprised . May 10, 1953) is the protagonist of the comic book series Hellblazer and first appeared in Swamp Thing issue 37 in June 1985. John then makes the link that the soul of his unborn brother caused him to get cancer and for his relationships to fail, and that anytime he tried to take control of his life, something bad would happen to make John weaker, so their souls might be able to merge. It was the longest continuously published Vertigo title. Willow was attempting to bind the Old One, with her spells not able to quite hook into It. With this Godly Shekhinah, the power of Solomon urges you: Listen, impure entity, and reveal your name. Matt Ryan has played so many iterations of DC's occult detective John Constantine that it can become quite confusing to keep them all straight. When asked what she found, Constantine arrives and answers "djinn". John Constantine: 1973 - Present. John is later freed from Ravenscar by London gangsters, threatening to torture and kill his sister and her family unless he helps to resurrect a mob boss's dead son. But I can state categorically that the character only existed because Steve and John wanted to do a character that looked like Sting. Unlike my Vertigo Constantine, the guy we see in JLA Dark is definitely not married! The commute would be hideous. Btw I cant even hear what he said or the language that he use, sorry. The Icon of Pazuzu, Lamashtu's former soulmate. I just wanted this character who knows everything, and knows everybodyreally charismatic. Pyrokinesis Constantine uses magic to conjure and control flames and summon hellfire, often from his cigarette lighter. [97] In addition to being ranked third in Empire magazine's 50 Greatest Comic Characters and being ranked No. Unable to do it, Thomas drops the gun, but Maureen quickly puts it up and prepares to shoot John, while questioning his actions. One of John's first acts of magic, as a child, was to hide all of his childhood innocence and vulnerability in a box to rid himself of it. John then met a fellow sorcerer, the hippie Tommy Willowtree (formerly Thomas Spugg), who tells him that the angels in the park were just one of a series of magical occurrences that have happened since John's return. What a magnificent bastard"[103], Sonia Harris from Comics Should Be Good praised Hellblazer, saying that "watching John delve into his past in order to exorcise his (and the worlds) literal and metaphorical demons is a delight. She was not subject to any torture or punishment, either. As Constantine lands in the Jurassic Coast, England, he is confronted by Thomas, who points a gun at his head. In that issue, written by Marv Wolfman and drawn by George Perez, Constantine is wearing a green suit as opposed to his more traditional black suit and tan trenchcoat ensemble. He was wearing the trenchcoat, a short cuthe lookedno, he didn't even look exactly like Sting. The looming threat of the Great Darkness was first perceived by John Constantine, a former boyfriend of Zatanna. [27][28], While Constantine has worn many clothes over the years, he was originally portrayed as often wearing a blue pin-stripe suit, tan trench coat, and occasionally gloves. 3. The character of John Constantine has been analyzed as a stereotypical depiction of a European in fiction. Using a pentagram with a symbol inside it, and candles through its tips, a circle of persons can contact a spirit through an object of its possession. Clarice Sackville offers him a deal with "someone", but John flatly refuses. Though his path to becoming one of DC's most feared magicians was far from pleasant. Makhzik tabaat Shlomoh, ruakh Shlomoh poked alekha! In his adolescence, he was introduced to the . Magic. After releasing Veronica's soul, Constantine starts to notice (and is also warned by other beings whom he deems as 'friends') the increasing number of supernatural activities in New York city. Unfortunately, this demon was not under their control; and after it had destroyed the child's monster, it tormented Constantine's friends and took the child to Hell. John Constable. ", Constantine also has a reputation as being one of the most powerful sorcerers in the world. They later released an album called Venus of the Hardsell. In 1993, he told Wizard magazine:[4]. In October 2022, Coleman confirmed that she, Constantine makes a guest appearance in the, John Constantine appears in the DCAMU film, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 14:32. After the two do something for one another, the Spell effect ends. [11] Initially created "purely to get Sting into the story", by the time of the 1985 San Diego ComicCon, Moore stated, "It's turning into something more than that now. Including magic, dark magic, and exorcism.Watch Constantine here: https://amzn.to/3kx. Being called "Devil", John corrects the family when they reach Heaven while peeling through the layers of the dying world: Heaven itself, also under assault from Darkseid's force, has closed its door and started departing, deeming this world beyond salvation. john-constantines-spells: Constantine 106: Rage of Caliban. But I dont know if that is a correct translation to spanish. This greatly traumatizes Thomas Constantine, John's father, who even attempts to commit suicide, but is talked out of it by John. It's different from a Cloaking Spell because it does not occult something with magic, only prevent anyone who searches for it to find it. This Spell, when cast, makes the target fall asleep immediately afterwards. There, he ruled it as a triumvirate with the next two beings to rebel against God, which includes Lucifer from Sandman. Constantine then went on to have a series of adventures and misadventures playing the role of puppet and puppeteer with his signature style and profane sarcasm.

St Thomas West Springfield Mass Today, Paul Kendrick Studio Email, Charles Annenberg Weingarten Net Worth, Brookwood Village Closing, Trailer Surge Brakes Troubleshooting, Articles J